The patient with Diverticulitis is most commonly constipated, which requires special attention. When stool remains in the intestines for too long, it can enter the diverticula, causing inflammation and resulting in a condition called diverticulitis. This inflammation can cause intense abdominal pain, fever, changes in bowel habits, and, in severe cases, complications such as abscesses or intestinal perforation.

Throughout life, the appearance of diverticula (diverticulosis) is common, small pouches formed in the wall of the intestines, especially in people with inadequate eating habits and low fiber intake. When these diverticula cause symptoms, we progress to the condition of diverticular disease, which requires continuous care and lifestyle changes.

Risk Factors for Diverticular Disease

Some of the main risk factors for the development of diseases related to diverticula include:

Smoking: The habit of smoking can increase the risk of inflammation in the digestive tract.

Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity harms intestinal transit.

Low fiber consumption: Diets poor in fiber are directly linked to constipation.

Age: Aging makes the intestinal wall more prone to the formation of diverticula.

Excess red meat: This type of protein is associated with increased intestinal inflammation.

Obesity: Excess weight is linked to a higher risk of diverticular complications.

How Nutrition Can Help?

Nutritional treatment plays an essential role in both the prevention and management of diverticulitis. Dietary strategies include:

Reducing the consumption of red meat and processed meats, opting for lean proteins such as fish and poultry;

Consuming at least 35 ml of water per kg of body weight daily to prevent constipation;

Including fiber in the diet through whole grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables;

Maintaining the Body Mass Index (BMI) below 30, reducing risks related to obesity;

Practicing regular physical activity to stimulate intestinal transit;

Not ignoring evacuation reflexes, creating a routine to avoid the accumulation of stool.

Plant-Based Diet and LOW FODMAPs Diet

A valuable suggestion for patients with diverticulitis is to include days of plant-based eating, removing animal proteins some times a week. This contributes to reducing inflammation and improving intestinal microbiota. In cases of frequent pain, the LOW FODMAPs diet can be an excellent alternative, as it helps to reduce discomfort and hypersensitivity in the intestinal tract.

The Importance of Nutritional Follow-Up

In this scenario, follow-up with a nutritionist is essential. A professional can adjust the consumption of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), ensuring a balanced diet that meets the specific needs of the patient. Vitamins from the B complex, vitamin D, magnesium, and zinc are some important nutrients for intestinal health.

Additionally, follow-up allows identifying food triggers and creating a personalized plan, helping the patient to reduce symptoms, prevent crises, and improve their quality of life.

Additional Tips

Avoid long periods without evacuating to prevent the accumulation of stool in the intestines;

Add probiotics to the daily diet, such as natural yogurt and kefir, to strengthen intestinal microbiota;

Establish fixed times for meals, promoting more efficient digestion;

Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, which can irritate the intestinal mucosa and worsen symptoms.